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Garden of Ridván, Baghdad
The Garden of Ridván (lit. ''garden of paradise'') or Najibiyyih Garden was a wooded garden in what is now Baghdad's Rusafa District, on the banks of the Tigris river. It is notable as the location where Bahá'u'lláh, founder of the Bahá'í Faith, stayed for twelve days from April 21 to May 2, 1863, after the Ottoman Empire exiled him from Baghdad and before commencing his journey to Constantinople. During his stay in this garden, Bahá'u'lláh announced to his followers that he was the messianic figure of He whom God shall make manifest, whose coming had been foretold by the Báb. These events are celebrated annually during the Festival of Ridván.〔
==Location and appearance==
The garden was located in a large agricultural area immediately north of the walls of the city of Baghdad, about from the city's northern Mu'azzam gate. Located on the eastern bank of the Tigris River in what is now the Bab al-Mu'azzam neighbourhood of Baghdad's Rusafa District, it was directly opposite the district in which Bahá'u'lláh lived during his stay in the city, on the river's western bank.〔〔
A ground plan drawn in the 1850s by officers of the Indian Navy ''(pictured)'' shows the garden immediately adjacent to the city's citadel, with four avenues meeting at a circular area in the centre. A structure, possibly the garden palace, is located at the edge of the garden near the riverbank.〔Henry Creswicke Rawlinson. (Baghdad ). ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 10th ed. 1902.〕 The garden was described as a wooded garden〔 having four "flower-bordered avenues" lined with roses,〔 which were collected by gardeners during Bahá'u'lláh's stay and piled in the center of his tent to be offered to visitors. "So great would be the heap," the chronicler Nabíl-i-A`zam relates, "that when His companions gathered to drink their morning tea in His presence, they would be unable to see each other across it."〔 Nightingales were said to sing loudly in the garden, which, together with the fragrance of the roses, "created an atmosphere of beauty and enchantment".〔The love of the nightingale for the rose is a common theme in Persian literature, particularly in mystic poetry, where the nightingale's yearning is used as a metaphor for the soul's yearning for God. ((【引用サイトリンク】 title=The Rose and nightingale in Persian literature )) One night during his stay in the Garden of Ridván, Bahá'u'lláh is recorded as having spoken the following words: "Consider these nightingales. So great is their love for these roses, that sleepless from dusk till dawn, they warble their melodies and commune with burning passion with the object of their adoration. How then can those who claim to be afire with the rose-like beauty of the Beloved choose to sleep?" ()〕〔 By the side of the river, upstream from Najib Pasha's palace, was an open space in the garden where one of Bahá'u'lláh's companions raised a tent for him, around which a small village of tents was later raised for the rest of his family.〔
In travelling to Constantinople, Bahá'u'lláh's caravan would take a road that would bring them by the garden, thus it was a logical choice for them stop there in order to assemble and to receive visitors. Access to the garden from the opposite riverbank was possible by way of a ferry across the Tigris, as in Bahá'u'lláh's case, or by "floating bridge",〔 as in the case of the governor and other friends who followed.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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